Siman 346 – Types of Hotza’a

גChelek 3

13. Hotza’a includes bringing an object out, bringing an object in, throwing or placing down an object into a different domain. There are three categories of severity:
    • Min Hatorah, only from Reshus Hayochid to Reshus Horabbim and vice versa – even if you pass through a Makom P’tur.
    • Mid’rabbonon, they forbade between Karmelis and Reshus Hayochid or Reshus Horabbim and vice versa.
    • There is no prohibition directly from a Makom P’tur to a Reshus Hayochid or Reshus Horabbim and vice versa. (ShA 1)

14. Using a Makom P’tur is sometimes still forbidden. Here are a few cases:
    • You picked up an object in a Reshus Hayochid, walked onto a Makom P’tur and stood still, then you continued and put the object down in Reshus Horabbim. You might not stop and stand still in the Makom P’tur next time.
    • You picked up an object in Reshus Hayochid, walked through a Reshus Horabbim without stopping, and put the object down on a Makom P’tur. You might end up stopping in the Reshus Horabbim next time.
    • You are standing still on a Makom P’tur, reaching into a Reshus Hayochid to pick up an object and then transferring it into a Reshus Horabbim (or a Karmelis).(ShA 1– MB 5)

15. Another type of Hotza’a is carrying an object four amos in a Reshus Horabbim or in a Karmelis.You are allowed to carry within four amos from one Karmelis to another.For example – you may pick up an apple floating on a lake and put it down a couple steps away on the shore.(ShA 2)

16. Karpayf – is defined as a wide (5,000+ square amos) enclosed outdoor area, but not enclosed for living space. For example – a fenced garden. Even though it falls under the category of Reshus Hayochid, the Chachomim gave it the stringency of a Karmelis, disallowing to carry objects more than four amos.However, this stringency has a lenient outcome: You are allowed to carry an object (e.g. a key) out of a Karpayf into a real Karmelis, staying within four amos. (ShA 3)

17. A stoop at the entrance of your front door could be a Reshus Hayochid. If so, you should be able to carry the key from the stoop into the house and vice versa. However, you aren’t allowed to. We are concerned that the stoop will not have a ceiling of four tefachim away from the house – in which case, the outer edge of the ceiling cannot be deemed as a fourth wall (using pi tikra yored v’sosaym) and therefore not a complete Reshus Hayochid. (Rama 3 – MB 25)

18. If the stoop is not a Reshus Hayochid, it could be an extension of the Karmelis before it. However, you are not allowed to carry from the stoop out to the Karmelis in front of it nor vice versa. We are concerned that the stoop will have a ceiling of four tefachim away from the house – in which case, the stoop is actually a Reshus Hayochid. (Rama 3 – MB 27)

19. It would be best for the front door of a shul to have a fully enclosed antechamber. This way a key in the antechamber could be carried into the shul. If the entrance does not have an antechamber, be sure to pull the key out of the lock before pushing the door into the shul. Then hide the key under the stoop or on top of the lintel. Otherwise, you may be carrying the key from a Karmelis into a Reshus Hayochid. (MB 28)

20. When carrying close to an open front door, be sure not to step beyond the imaginary line of where the door hits the lintel. Beyond that might be a Karmelis. (MB 28)

21. An awning without sidewalls that juts out from the roof has the din of a domain outside of the house.It is forbidden to carry out there without an eruv. If there are pillars holding up the awning on the street side, there is an easy way to enclose the awning to be a Reshus Hayochid : Simply fix two vertical poles opposite those pillars on the house side. Make sure that all the verticals are directly under beams of the awning and you have enclosed the awning on all three sides with tsuros hapesach. (Rama 3 – MB 28, 30, 31)