Upon opening the Aron Kodesh, say Breich Sh’may on both Shabbos and weekdays. (MB 1)
Give and receive the sefer Torah with your right hand, even if you are a lefty. (MB 1)
Call up seven aliyos. If you want, you may add on aliyos, but too many is a tircha for the tzibbur. A legitimate need to add aliyos could be if there is a wedding or bris mila, or if someone will get upset if he doesn’t get an aliya. (ShA 1 – MB 4,5)
When there is a double parsha, call R’vii to read both the end of the first parsha together with at least the beginning three pesukim of the second parsha. (MB 5)
On Yom Tov you may add on aliyos whether it falls out on Shabbos or during the week. However, when Yom Tov falls out during the week our minhag is to not add aliyos. (Rama 1 – MB 6)
The only Yom Tov that we add on aliyos is Simchas Torah. We want everyone to merit reading the Torah at the time we complete it. We are even maykil to repeat verses to give everyone an aliya — which is normally not what we do. (ShA 2 – MB 7, 10)
We do not add aliyos on Yom Kippur, even when it falls out on Shabbos. (MB 6)
Because of kavod hatzibbur women do not receive aliyos. We also do not call up boys under bar mitzva for any aliya except for Maftir. (ShA 3 – MB 12)
The mitzva to honor a cohen applies only to an adult who is also eligible to do avoda. (MB 12)
Women are allowed to leave shul when it is time for Krias Hatorah. (MB 12)
A boy under 13 cannot be a baal koray. You can maykil if he is the only one who knows how to read and otherwise there won't be any Krias Hatorah. (MB 13)
There is no prohibition to give an aliya to an important person who is ignorant before a talmid chochom since it’s the sefer Torah that we are honoring, not the chochom. (Rama 3)
There are two special aliyos that are customary to auction: Shishi and Achron. But never quarrel over any aliya, since all letters of the Torah are equally holy and pure. (MB 18)
The minhag is to say Kaddish after calling up the seven (or more) who finish the parsha. Then call up an additional aliya for Maftir – so too on Yom Tov. But on a weekday (fast) the Shlishi himself is the Maftir. (ShA 4)
For the following Maftirs do not call up a koton:
Parshas Zachor.
Parshas Para (some say every one of the 4 Parshios).
First day of Shavuos.
Shvii shel Pesach.
Shabbos Shuva. (MB 23)
Even for all other Maftirs, to not call up a koton who is unable to read along every word from the klaff with the baal koray. (MB 23, BeH “oh”)
If you need to, you can call up for a Maftir, someone who already had an aliya. (ShA 5)
On Shabbos Chazone there is a minhag to call up the Rov for Maftir. He shouldn’t have been called up for Shlishi. (MB 31)
There is a special wailing tune for the Haftara of Shabbos Chazone. (MB 27)