Vegetables and legumes, which are enjoyed by people of your place both fresh and cooked, get a Hoadama whether fresh or cooked. (ShA1 – BeH” shetovim”)
Raw vegetables and legumes are Shehakol if they would be improved when cooked and most people (in your place) do not eat them raw. (ShA1 – MB3 – ShaH3)
Cooked vegetables and legumes are Shehakol if cooking ruins them and people do not eat them cooked. (ShA1 – MB5)
Raw onions and garlic eaten by themselves (without bread) are Shehakol since it is not the derech to eat them so. Say Hoadama on onions when you stew them for a long time. (MB5,6)
If the vegetables would become worse if cooked alone but you cooked them with meat to give them meaty flavour, say Hoadama. But if you cooked them only to improve the meat – Shehakol. (Rama1 – MB7)
Onions improved by frying them in butter or oil – Hoadama. (MB7)
Vegetable broth is Hoadama if you will be eating the vegetables. If you discard the vegetables it’s just a Shehakol drink. If you eat broth with the vegetables, the Hoadama on the vegetables will exempt the broth. (ShA2 – MB9,10)
Pickling juice is Shehakol. Even though it has the vegetable flavor, the juice is not the purpose of your pickling. (MB8)
Broth from boiled farfel, noodles, or knaidlach is toffel when eaten with the farfel etc. – say Mezonos. If the farfel etc. was boiled in a lot of water and the broth now is nearly clear, say Mezonos on the farfel and a Shehakol on the broth (your main intention is for the broth). If you can find something else to say Shehakol and exempt the broth, do so. (MB11 – ShaH – 17)
Juice squeezed from vegetables is Shehakol. It does not taste like the vegetables as much as the broth does. Even the broth is only Hoadama when it contains no flavours other than the vegetables. Therefore, if you cooked the vegetables in vinegar (or other flavourful liquids) or you cooked meat together in the broth, the beracha is Shehakol. (ShA2,3 – MB12,13)
Chopping fruit or vegetables does not downgrade their berachos to Shehakol as long as their form isn’t lost completely. (ShA4 – MB15,16)
Techina (ground sesame seeds) – Machlokes if it is Hoadama or Shehakol. (MB17)